<template>
<div>{{ displayString }}</div>
</template>
<script setup>
import { defineProps } from 'vue';
const props = defineProps({
displayString: String
});
</script>














Compare Declarative Frameworks





function MyComponent(props) {
return <div>{props.displayString}</div>;
}
struct MyComponent: View {
var displayString: String
var body: some View {
Text(displayString)
}
}
<template>
<p v-if="condition">Condition is true</p>
<p v-else>Condition is false</p>
</template>
<script setup>
import { defineProps } from 'vue';
const props = defineProps({
condition: Boolean
});
</script>
function ConditionalComponent({ condition }) {
return (
<>
{condition ? (
<p>Condition is true</p>
) : (
<p>Condition is false</p>
)}
</>
);
}
// Usage
<ConditionalComponent condition={true} />;
struct ConditionalComponent: View {
let condition: Bool
var body: some View {
Group {
if condition {
Text("Condition is true")
} else {
Text("Condition is false")
}
}
}
}
// Usage
ConditionalComponent(condition: true)
<template>
<intermediate-component :data="data" />
</template>
<script setup>
import { defineProps } from 'vue';
import IntermediateComponent from './IntermediateComponent.vue';
const props = defineProps({
data: String
});
</script>
function Parent({ data }) {
return <IntermediateComponent data={data} />;
}
function IntermediateComponent({ data }) {
return <ChildComponent data={data} />;
}
function ChildComponent({ data }) {
return <p>Received data: {data}</p>;
}
// Usage
<Parent data="Some data" />;
struct Parent: View {
let data: String
var body: some View {
IntermediateComponent(data: data)
}
}
struct IntermediateComponent: View {
let data: String
var body: some View {
ChildComponent(data: data)
}
}
struct ChildComponent: View {
let data: String
var body: some View {
Text("Received data: \(data)")
}
}
// Usage
Parent(data: "Some data")
<template>
<button @click="setClicked">
{{ clicked ? "Button clicked" : "Click me" }}
</button>
</template>
<script setup>
import { ref } from 'vue';
const clicked = ref(false);
function setClicked() {
clicked.value = true;
}
</script>
import { useState } from "react";
function ClickableComponent() {
const [clicked, setClicked] = useState(false);
return (
<button onClick={() => setClicked(true)}>
{clicked ? "Button clicked" : "Click me"}
</button>
);
}
struct ClickableComponent: View {
@State private var clicked = false
var body: some View {
Button(action: {
clicked = true
}) {
Text(clicked ? "Button clicked" : "Click me")
}
}
}
<template>
<input
type="text"
v-model="text"
placeholder="Enter text"
/>
</template>
<script setup>
import { ref } from 'vue';
const text = ref('');
</script>
function TextInputComponent() {
const [text, setText] = useState("");
return (
<input
type="text"
value={text}
onChange={(e) => setText(e.target.value)}
placeholder="Enter text"
/>
);
}
struct TextInputComponent: View {
@State private var text = ""
var body: some View {
TextField("Enter text", text: $text)
}
}
Vue.js doesn't have a built-in preview feature. However, you can use a tool like Storybook to create previews for your components in a separate development environment.
React doesn't have a built-in preview feature. However, you can use a tool like Storybook to create previews for your components in a separate development environment.
struct ExampleComponent: View {
var body: some View {
Text("Hello, World!")
}
}
struct ExampleComponent_Previews: PreviewProvider {
static var previews: some View {
ExampleComponent()
}
}
<template>
<ul>
<li v-for="item in items" :key="item">
{{ item }}
</li>
</ul>
</template>
<script setup>
import { defineProps } from 'vue';
const props = defineProps({
items: Array
});
</script>
<!-- Usage -->
<list-component :items="['Item 1', 'Item 2', 'Item 3']"></list-component>
function ListComponent({ items }) {
return (
<ul>
{items.map((item) => (
<li key={item}>{item}</li>
))}
</ul>
);
}
// Usage
const items = ["Item 1", "Item 2", "Item 3"];
<ListComponent items={items} />;
struct ListComponent: View {
let items: [String]
var body: some View {
List(items, id: \.self) { item in
Text(item)
}
}
}
// Usage
let items = ["Item 1", "Item 2", "Item 3"]
ListComponent(items: items)
<template>
<ul>
<li v-for="person in items" :key="person.id">
Name: {{ person.name }}, Age: {{ person.age }}
</li>
</ul>
</template>
<script setup>
import { defineProps } from 'vue';
const props = defineProps({
items: Array
});
</script>
<!-- Usage -->
<item-keys-example
:items="[
{ name: 'John', age: 30, id: '1' },
{ name: 'Jane', age: 28, id: '2' },
{ name: 'Bob', age: 25, id: '3' }
]"
></item-keys-example>
function ItemKeysExample({ items }) {
return (
<ul>
{items.map((person) => (
<li key={person.id}>
Name: {person.name}, Age: {person.age}
</li>
))}
</ul>
);
}
// Usage
<ItemKeysExample
items={[
{ name: "John", age: 30, id: "1" },
{ name: "Jane", age: 28, id: "2" },
{ name: "Bob", age: 25, id: "3" },
]}
/>;
struct Person: Identifiable {
let name: String
let age: Int
let id: String
}
struct ItemKeysExample: View {
let items: [Person]
var body: some View {
List(items) { person in
Text("Name: \(person.name), Age: \(person.age)")
}
}
}
// Usage
ItemKeysExample(items: [Person(name: "John", age: 30, id: "1"), Person(name: "Jane", age: 28, id: "2"), Person(name: "Bob", age: 25, id: "3")])
// ParentComponent.vue
<template>
<div>
<slot name="header"></slot>
<slot name="content"></slot>
</div>
</template>
// ChildComponent.vue
<template>
<p>Child Content</p>
</template>
// Usage
<parent-component>
<template v-slot:header>
<h1>Header</h1>
</template>
<template v-slot:content>
<child />
</template>
</parent-component>
function Parent({ header, content }) {
return (
<div>
{header}
{content}
</div>
);
}
// Usage
<Parent header={<h1>Header</h1>} content={<Child />} />;
function Child() {
return <p>Child Content</p>;
}
struct Parent<Header: View, Content: View>: View {
let header: Header
let content: Content
var body: some View {
VStack {
header
content
}
}
}
// Usage
Parent(
header: Text("Header"),
content: Child()
)
struct Child: View {
var body: some View {
Text("Child Content")
}
}
Vue.js doesn't have a direct analog to modifiers in Jetpack Compose or SwiftUI. Instead, you can use inline styles or CSS classes.
<template>
<div :style="style">Hello, World!</div>
</template>
<script setup>
import { reactive } from 'vue';
const style = reactive({
padding: '16px',
backgroundColor: 'blue',
color: 'white'
});
</script>
React doesn't have a direct analog to modifiers in Jetpack Compose or SwiftUI. Instead, you can use inline styles or CSS classes.
function ModifiersExample() {
const style = {
padding: "16px",
backgroundColor: "blue",
color: "white",
};
return <div style={style}>Hello, World!</div>;
}
struct ModifiersExample: View {
var body: some View {
Text("Hello, World!")
.padding(EdgeInsets(top: 16, leading: 16, bottom: 16, trailing: 16))
.background(Color.blue)
}
}
<template>
<button @click="incrementCount">
Count: {{ count }}
</button>
</template>
<script setup>
import { ref } from 'vue';
const count = ref(0);
function incrementCount() {
count.value++;
}
</script>
import { useState } from "react";
function Counter() {
const [count, setCount] = useState(0);
return (
<button onClick={() => setCount(count + 1)}>
Count: {count}
</button>
);
}
struct Counter: View {
@State private var count = 0
var body: some View {
Button(action: {
count += 1
}) {
Text("Count: \(count)")
}
}
}
<!-- ParentComponent.vue -->
<template>
<intermediate />
</template>
<script setup>
import { provide, ref } from 'vue';
import Intermediate from './IntermediateComponent.vue';
const data = ref('Some data');
provide('dataKey', data);
</script>
<!-- IntermediateComponent.vue -->
<template>
<child />
</template>
<script setup>
import Child from './ChildComponent.vue';
</script>
<!-- ChildComponent.vue -->
<template>
<p>Received data: {{ data }}</p>
</template>
<script setup>
import { inject } from 'vue';
const data = inject('dataKey');
</script>
<!-- Usage -->
<parent-component data="Some data"></parent-component>
import { createContext, useContext } from "react";
const CustomContext = createContext();
function Parent({ data }) {
return (
<CustomContext.Provider value={data}>
<Intermediate />
</CustomContext.Provider>
);
}
function Intermediate() {
return <Child />;
}
function Child() {
const data = useContext(CustomContext);
return <p>Received data: {data}</p>;
}
// Usage
<Parent data="Some data" />;
struct CustomEnvironmentKey: EnvironmentKey {
static let defaultValue: String = ""
}
extension EnvironmentValues {
var customData: String {
get { self[CustomEnvironmentKey.self] }
set { self[CustomEnvironmentKey.self] = newValue }
}
}
struct Parent: View {
let data: String
var body: some View {
Intermediate().environment(\.customData, data)
}
}
struct Intermediate: View {
var body: some View {
Child()
}
}
struct Child: View {
@Environment(\.customData) private var data
var body: some View {
Text("Received data: \(data)")
}
}
// Usage
Parent(data: "Some data")
<template>
<div></div>
</template>
<script setup>
import { onMounted } from 'vue';
onMounted(() => {
// Perform side effect here
});
</script>
import { useEffect } from "react";
function SideEffectOnLoadComponent() {
useEffect(() => {
// Perform side effect, e.g. fetch data, update external data source
}, []);
// Other UI components
return <div />;
}
struct SideEffectOnLoadComponent: View {
@State private var hasPerformedSideEffect = false
var body: some View {
if !hasPerformedSideEffect {
DispatchQueue.main.async {
// Perform side effect, e.g. fetch data, update external data source
hasPerformedSideEffect = true
}
}
// Other UI components
Text("Hello, World!")
}
}
Frequently Asked Questions About Vue.js vs React vs SwiftUI
Which is better for beginners, Vue.js or React or SwiftUI?
Let's analyze the learning curve and requirements for each framework in 2025:
Vue.js (5/5)
Vue.js is highly beginner-friendly with its progressive learning curve and clear documentation. Its template syntax feels natural to HTML developers, while the Composition API offers a powerful way to organize complex logic. The framework provides official solutions for common needs, reducing decision fatigue.
Learning Path:
- Learn Vue template syntax and directives
- Understand component system
- Master Composition API
- Learn Vue Router and state management
- Practice Vue best practices and patterns
Key Prerequisites:
- HTML/CSS
- JavaScript basics
- npm/yarn
Time to Productivity: 1-2 months for web developers, 2-3 months for beginners
React (4/5)
React's component-based architecture and extensive ecosystem make it accessible for beginners. While concepts like hooks and virtual DOM require time to master, the large community and abundance of learning resources help overcome challenges. TypeScript adoption adds type safety but increases the initial learning curve.
Learning Path:
- Learn modern JavaScript/TypeScript
- Understand React components and JSX
- Master hooks and state management
- Learn component lifecycle and effects
- Practice React patterns and best practices
Key Prerequisites:
- JavaScript/TypeScript
- HTML/CSS
- npm/yarn
Time to Productivity: 2-3 months for web developers, 3-4 months for beginners
SwiftUI (4/5)
SwiftUI offers an intuitive approach for iOS development with excellent documentation and powerful preview features. While it requires understanding Swift and iOS concepts, its declarative syntax and strong type system help catch errors early and make the development process more predictable.
Learning Path:
- Master Swift basics (especially protocols and property wrappers)
- Understand iOS app architecture
- Learn SwiftUI view hierarchy and data flow
- Practice with property wrappers and state management
- Explore SwiftUI's animation system
Key Prerequisites:
- Swift
- iOS development concepts
- Xcode
Time to Productivity: 2-3 months for iOS developers, 4-5 months for beginners
Recommendation
Based on the analysis, Vue.js offers the most approachable learning curve. However, your choice should depend on:
- Your existing programming background (HTML/CSS, JavaScript/TypeScript, Swift)
- Target platform requirements (Cross-platform, Cross-platform, iOS)
- Available learning time (1-2 months for web developers, 2-3 months for beginners for Vue.js)
- Long-term career goals in mobile/web development
How does the performance of Vue.js compare to React in real-world applications?
Let's analyze the real-world performance characteristics of Vue.js and React based on benchmarks and practical experience:
Vue.js Performance Profile
Strengths
-
✓ Reactive system
Fine-grained reactivity system that updates only affected components.
-
✓ Virtual DOM efficiency
Optimized virtual DOM implementation with static tree hoisting.
-
✓ Template compilation
Templates are compiled into highly optimized render functions.
Areas for Optimization
-
! Complex reactivity overhead
Deep reactive objects can have performance implications.
-
! Mobile optimization
May require additional optimization for mobile web performance.
React Performance Profile
Strengths
-
✓ Virtual DOM optimization
Efficient diffing algorithm minimizes actual DOM updates, improving performance.
-
✓ Code splitting
Built-in support for code splitting and lazy loading of components.
-
✓ Concurrent rendering
React 18's concurrent features allow for prioritized rendering and better user experience.
Areas for Optimization
-
! DOM operations overhead
Multiple DOM operations can still impact performance in complex applications.
-
! Bundle size concerns
Large dependency trees can lead to significant bundle sizes.
Performance Optimization Tips
Vue.js
- Use v-show for frequently toggled content
- Implement proper key usage in v-for directives
- Leverage Vue's keep-alive component
- Profile with Vue DevTools and Chrome Performance
React
- Implement React.memo() for expensive computations
- Use useMemo and useCallback hooks appropriately
- Leverage Code Splitting with React.lazy()
- Profile with React DevTools and Lighthouse
What are the key architectural differences between Vue.js and React and SwiftUI?
Here are the key differences between Vue.js and React and SwiftUI:
Feature | Vue.js | React | SwiftUI |
---|---|---|---|
Paradigm | Progressive JavaScript framework with a template-based approach | Declarative UI library with a component-based approach | Declarative UI framework with a protocol-oriented approach |
Target Platform | Web primarily | Web (with React Native for mobile) | Apple platforms (iOS, macOS, watchOS, tvOS) |
Language | JavaScript/TypeScript | JavaScript/TypeScript | Swift |
Component Model | Single-file components with template, script, and style sections | Function components with hooks or class components | View protocol conforming structs |
State Management | Reactive data with Composition API or Options API | useState, useReducer, and third-party solutions like Redux | Property wrappers (@State, @Binding, @ObservedObject) |
Ecosystem | Growing ecosystem with official libraries for routing and state | Vast ecosystem with many libraries and tools | Tightly integrated with Apple's development ecosystem |
The choice between these frameworks often depends on your target platform, existing expertise, and specific project requirements. Vue.js and React and SwiftUI each have their strengths in different contexts.
What are the job market trends for Vue.js vs React vs SwiftUI in 2025?
If you're considering a career move in 2025, here's how these frameworks compare in terms of job prospects:
Vue.js
- Current Demand: Solid demand, particularly in certain markets like Asia
- Growth Trajectory: Steady growth with strong community support
- Notable Companies: Alibaba, GitLab, Grammarly, Nintendo
React
- Current Demand: Very high demand across web, mobile (React Native), and desktop
- Growth Trajectory: Mature but still growing with continuous innovation
- Notable Companies: Meta, Netflix, Airbnb, Dropbox
SwiftUI
- Current Demand: Increasing as iOS apps adopt the newer framework
- Growth Trajectory: Steady growth as Apple continues to enhance capabilities
- Notable Companies: Apple, Uber, Lyft, Airbnb
Between React and Vue.js, React currently has a larger job market, but Vue.js positions often have less competition. Both are excellent choices for web development careers.
Can Vue.js and React and SwiftUI be used together in the same project?
Understanding how Vue.js and React and SwiftUI can work together:
Vue.js + React
Vue.js and React can coexist in the same web application, though this is uncommon. Micro-frontends architecture might use both frameworks for different parts of a large application.
Vue.js + SwiftUI
There's no direct integration between Vue.js and SwiftUI as they target different platforms. You would typically build separate apps for web and iOS.
React + SwiftUI
React Native can integrate with SwiftUI through native modules, allowing you to use SwiftUI components within a React Native iOS app.
Using multiple frameworks: While it's technically possible to use Vue.js, React, SwiftUI in a single project ecosystem, this adds complexity. It's generally better to choose the right tool for each platform and maintain consistency within that platform.
Web + Mobile Strategy: A common approach is to use Vue.js or React for your web application, while using SwiftUI for mobile apps. You can share business logic and API calls between them, but the UI layer would be implemented separately for each platform.
What are the key philosophical differences between React and Vue.js?
React and Vue.js have different design philosophies that affect how you build applications:
React Philosophy
- JavaScript-centric: Uses JSX to mix HTML with JavaScript
- Explicit: State updates require explicit calls
- Functional: Embraces functional programming concepts
- Community-driven: Most solutions come from community packages
- Freedom: Minimal restrictions on how to structure your app
Vue.js Philosophy
- Template-oriented: HTML templates with enhancements
- Reactive: Automatic tracking of dependencies
- Progressive: Can be adopted incrementally
- Opinionated core: Official solutions for routing, state management
- Structure: More guidance on application architecture
Neither approach is inherently better - React's flexibility works well for complex applications with experienced teams, while Vue's structure and approachability can accelerate development for smaller teams or those new to frontend development.