<template>
<div>{{ displayString }}</div>
</template>
<script setup>
import { defineProps } from 'vue';
const props = defineProps({
displayString: String
});
</script>














Compare Declarative Frameworks





struct MyComponent: View {
var displayString: String
var body: some View {
Text(displayString)
}
}
class MyComponent extends StatelessWidget {
final String displayString;
MyComponent({required this.displayString});
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return Text(displayString);
}
}
<template>
<p v-if="condition">Condition is true</p>
<p v-else>Condition is false</p>
</template>
<script setup>
import { defineProps } from 'vue';
const props = defineProps({
condition: Boolean
});
</script>
struct ConditionalComponent: View {
let condition: Bool
var body: some View {
Group {
if condition {
Text("Condition is true")
} else {
Text("Condition is false")
}
}
}
}
// Usage
ConditionalComponent(condition: true)
class ConditionalComponent extends StatelessWidget {
final bool condition;
ConditionalComponent({required this.condition});
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
if(condition) {
return Text("Condition is true");
} else {
return Text("Condition is false");
}
}
}
// Usage
ConditionalComponent(condition: true)
<template>
<intermediate-component :data="data" />
</template>
<script setup>
import { defineProps } from 'vue';
import IntermediateComponent from './IntermediateComponent.vue';
const props = defineProps({
data: String
});
</script>
struct Parent: View {
let data: String
var body: some View {
IntermediateComponent(data: data)
}
}
struct IntermediateComponent: View {
let data: String
var body: some View {
ChildComponent(data: data)
}
}
struct ChildComponent: View {
let data: String
var body: some View {
Text("Received data: \(data)")
}
}
// Usage
Parent(data: "Some data")
class Parent extends StatelessWidget {
final String data;
Parent({required this.data});
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return IntermediateComponent(data: data);
}
}
class IntermediateComponent extends StatelessWidget {
final String data;
IntermediateComponent({required this.data});
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return ChildComponent(data: data);
}
}
class ChildComponent extends StatelessWidget {
final String data;
ChildComponent({required this.data});
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return Text("Received data: $data");
}
}
// Usage
Parent(data: "Some data")
<template>
<button @click="setClicked">
{{ clicked ? "Button clicked" : "Click me" }}
</button>
</template>
<script setup>
import { ref } from 'vue';
const clicked = ref(false);
function setClicked() {
clicked.value = true;
}
</script>
struct ClickableComponent: View {
@State private var clicked = false
var body: some View {
Button(action: {
clicked = true
}) {
Text(clicked ? "Button clicked" : "Click me")
}
}
}
class ClickableComponent extends StatefulWidget {
_ClickableComponentState createState() => _ClickableComponentState();
}
class _ClickableComponentState extends State<ClickableComponent> {
bool clicked = false;
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return RaisedButton(
onPressed: () => setState(() => clicked = true),
child: Text(clicked ? "Button clicked" : "Click me"),
);
}
}
<template>
<input
type="text"
v-model="text"
placeholder="Enter text"
/>
</template>
<script setup>
import { ref } from 'vue';
const text = ref('');
</script>
struct TextInputComponent: View {
@State private var text = ""
var body: some View {
TextField("Enter text", text: $text)
}
}
class TextInputComponent extends StatefulWidget {
const TextInputComponent({super.key});
State<TextInputComponent> createState() => _TextInputComponentState();
}
class _TextInputComponentState extends State<TextInputComponent> {
late final _controller = TextEditingController(text: "");
void dispose() {
_controller.dispose();
super.dispose();
}
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return TextField(
controller: _controller,
decoration: const InputDecoration(labelText: "Enter text"),
);
}
}
Vue.js doesn't have a built-in preview feature. However, you can use a tool like Storybook to create previews for your components in a separate development environment.
struct ExampleComponent: View {
var body: some View {
Text("Hello, World!")
}
}
struct ExampleComponent_Previews: PreviewProvider {
static var previews: some View {
ExampleComponent()
}
}
Flutter doesn't have a built-in preview feature. You can, however, create a separate app or run your app in an emulator or on a device to view your components. Additionally, you can use the Flutter Studio web-based tool to create and preview Flutter widgets in a browser.
<template>
<ul>
<li v-for="item in items" :key="item">
{{ item }}
</li>
</ul>
</template>
<script setup>
import { defineProps } from 'vue';
const props = defineProps({
items: Array
});
</script>
<!-- Usage -->
<list-component :items="['Item 1', 'Item 2', 'Item 3']"></list-component>
struct ListComponent: View {
let items: [String]
var body: some View {
List(items, id: \.self) { item in
Text(item)
}
}
}
// Usage
let items = ["Item 1", "Item 2", "Item 3"]
ListComponent(items: items)
class ListComponent extends StatelessWidget {
final List<String> items;
ListComponent({required this.items});
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return ListView.builder(
itemCount: items.length,
itemBuilder: (context, index) {
return ListTile(title: Text(items[index]));
},
);
}
}
// Usage
final items = ["Item 1", "Item 2", "Item 3"];
ListComponent(items: items)
<template>
<ul>
<li v-for="person in items" :key="person.id">
Name: {{ person.name }}, Age: {{ person.age }}
</li>
</ul>
</template>
<script setup>
import { defineProps } from 'vue';
const props = defineProps({
items: Array
});
</script>
<!-- Usage -->
<item-keys-example
:items="[
{ name: 'John', age: 30, id: '1' },
{ name: 'Jane', age: 28, id: '2' },
{ name: 'Bob', age: 25, id: '3' }
]"
></item-keys-example>
struct Person: Identifiable {
let name: String
let age: Int
let id: String
}
struct ItemKeysExample: View {
let items: [Person]
var body: some View {
List(items) { person in
Text("Name: \(person.name), Age: \(person.age)")
}
}
}
// Usage
ItemKeysExample(items: [Person(name: "John", age: 30, id: "1"), Person(name: "Jane", age: 28, id: "2"), Person(name: "Bob", age: 25, id: "3")])
class Person {
final String name;
final int age;
final String id;
Person({required this.name, required this.age, required this.id});
}
class ItemKeysExample extends StatelessWidget {
final List<Person> items;
ItemKeysExample({required this.items});
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return ListView.builder(
itemCount: items.length,
itemBuilder: (context, index) {
final person = items[index];
return ListTile(
key: Key(person.id),
title: Text('Name: ${person.name}, Age: ${person.age}'),
);
},
);
}
}
// Usage
ItemKeysExample(items: [Person(name: 'John', age: 30, id: '1'), Person(name: 'Jane', age: 28, id: '2'), Person(name: 'Bob', age: 25, id: '3')])
// ParentComponent.vue
<template>
<div>
<slot name="header"></slot>
<slot name="content"></slot>
</div>
</template>
// ChildComponent.vue
<template>
<p>Child Content</p>
</template>
// Usage
<parent-component>
<template v-slot:header>
<h1>Header</h1>
</template>
<template v-slot:content>
<child />
</template>
</parent-component>
struct Parent<Header: View, Content: View>: View {
let header: Header
let content: Content
var body: some View {
VStack {
header
content
}
}
}
// Usage
Parent(
header: Text("Header"),
content: Child()
)
struct Child: View {
var body: some View {
Text("Child Content")
}
}
class Parent extends StatelessWidget {
final Widget header;
final Widget content;
Parent({required this.header, required this.content});
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return Column(
children: [
header,
content,
],
);
}
}
// Usage
Parent(
header: Text("Header"),
content: Child(),
)
class Child extends StatelessWidget {
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return Text("Child Content");
}
}
Vue.js doesn't have a direct analog to modifiers in Jetpack Compose or SwiftUI. Instead, you can use inline styles or CSS classes.
<template>
<div :style="style">Hello, World!</div>
</template>
<script setup>
import { reactive } from 'vue';
const style = reactive({
padding: '16px',
backgroundColor: 'blue',
color: 'white'
});
</script>
struct ModifiersExample: View {
var body: some View {
Text("Hello, World!")
.padding(EdgeInsets(top: 16, leading: 16, bottom: 16, trailing: 16))
.background(Color.blue)
}
}
In Flutter, you can wrap widgets with other widgets to achieve similar effects.
class ModifiersExample extends StatelessWidget {
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return Container(
padding: EdgeInsets.all(16.0),
color: Colors.blue,
child: Text('Hello, World!', style: TextStyle(color: Colors.white)),
);
}
}
<template>
<button @click="incrementCount">
Count: {{ count }}
</button>
</template>
<script setup>
import { ref } from 'vue';
const count = ref(0);
function incrementCount() {
count.value++;
}
</script>
struct Counter: View {
@State private var count = 0
var body: some View {
Button(action: {
count += 1
}) {
Text("Count: \(count)")
}
}
}
class Counter extends StatefulWidget {
_CounterState createState() => _CounterState();
}
class _CounterState extends State<Counter> {
int count = 0;
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return RaisedButton(
onPressed: () => setState(() => count += 1),
child: Text("Count: $count"),
);
}
}
<!-- ParentComponent.vue -->
<template>
<intermediate />
</template>
<script setup>
import { provide, ref } from 'vue';
import Intermediate from './IntermediateComponent.vue';
const data = ref('Some data');
provide('dataKey', data);
</script>
<!-- IntermediateComponent.vue -->
<template>
<child />
</template>
<script setup>
import Child from './ChildComponent.vue';
</script>
<!-- ChildComponent.vue -->
<template>
<p>Received data: {{ data }}</p>
</template>
<script setup>
import { inject } from 'vue';
const data = inject('dataKey');
</script>
<!-- Usage -->
<parent-component data="Some data"></parent-component>
struct CustomEnvironmentKey: EnvironmentKey {
static let defaultValue: String = ""
}
extension EnvironmentValues {
var customData: String {
get { self[CustomEnvironmentKey.self] }
set { self[CustomEnvironmentKey.self] = newValue }
}
}
struct Parent: View {
let data: String
var body: some View {
Intermediate().environment(\.customData, data)
}
}
struct Intermediate: View {
var body: some View {
Child()
}
}
struct Child: View {
@Environment(\.customData) private var data
var body: some View {
Text("Received data: \(data)")
}
}
// Usage
Parent(data: "Some data")
class CustomInheritedWidget extends InheritedWidget {
final String data;
CustomInheritedWidget({required this.data, required Widget child})
: super(child: child);
bool updateShouldNotify(CustomInheritedWidget oldWidget) {
return oldWidget.data != data;
}
static CustomInheritedWidget of(BuildContext context) {
return context.dependOnInheritedWidgetOfExactType<CustomInheritedWidget>()!;
}
}
class Parent extends StatelessWidget {
final String data;
Parent({required this.data});
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return CustomInheritedWidget(
data: data,
child: Intermediate(),
);
}
}
class Intermediate extends StatelessWidget {
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return Child();
}
}
class Child extends StatelessWidget {
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
final data = CustomInheritedWidget.of(context).data;
return Text("Received data: $data");
}
}
// Usage
Parent(data: "Some data")
<template>
<div></div>
</template>
<script setup>
import { onMounted } from 'vue';
onMounted(() => {
// Perform side effect here
});
</script>
struct SideEffectOnLoadComponent: View {
@State private var hasPerformedSideEffect = false
var body: some View {
if !hasPerformedSideEffect {
DispatchQueue.main.async {
// Perform side effect, e.g. fetch data, update external data source
hasPerformedSideEffect = true
}
}
// Other UI components
Text("Hello, World!")
}
}
class SideEffectOnLoadComponent extends StatefulWidget {
_SideEffectOnLoadComponentState createState() => _SideEffectOnLoadComponentState();
}
class _SideEffectOnLoadComponentState extends State<SideEffectOnLoadComponent> {
void initState() {
super.initState();
// Perform side effect, e.g. fetch data, update external data source
}
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
// Other UI components
return Container();
}
}
Frequently Asked Questions About Vue.js vs SwiftUI vs Flutter
Which is better for beginners, Vue.js or SwiftUI or Flutter?
Let's analyze the learning curve and requirements for each framework in 2025:
Vue.js (5/5)
Vue.js is highly beginner-friendly with its progressive learning curve and clear documentation. Its template syntax feels natural to HTML developers, while the Composition API offers a powerful way to organize complex logic. The framework provides official solutions for common needs, reducing decision fatigue.
Learning Path:
- Learn Vue template syntax and directives
- Understand component system
- Master Composition API
- Learn Vue Router and state management
- Practice Vue best practices and patterns
Key Prerequisites:
- HTML/CSS
- JavaScript basics
- npm/yarn
Time to Productivity: 1-2 months for web developers, 2-3 months for beginners
SwiftUI (4/5)
SwiftUI offers an intuitive approach for iOS development with excellent documentation and powerful preview features. While it requires understanding Swift and iOS concepts, its declarative syntax and strong type system help catch errors early and make the development process more predictable.
Learning Path:
- Master Swift basics (especially protocols and property wrappers)
- Understand iOS app architecture
- Learn SwiftUI view hierarchy and data flow
- Practice with property wrappers and state management
- Explore SwiftUI's animation system
Key Prerequisites:
- Swift
- iOS development concepts
- Xcode
Time to Productivity: 2-3 months for iOS developers, 4-5 months for beginners
Flutter (3/5)
Flutter requires learning Dart, which may be unfamiliar to many developers. However, its comprehensive documentation, hot reload feature, and widget-based architecture make the learning process systematic. The consistent behavior across platforms reduces platform-specific complexity.
Learning Path:
- Learn Dart programming language
- Understand Flutter widget system
- Master state management approaches
- Learn platform integration techniques
- Practice responsive design patterns
Key Prerequisites:
- Dart
- Basic programming concepts
- Mobile UI principles
Time to Productivity: 3-4 months for mobile developers, 4-6 months for beginners
Recommendation
Based on the analysis, Vue.js offers the most approachable learning curve. However, your choice should depend on:
- Your existing programming background (HTML/CSS, Swift, Dart)
- Target platform requirements (Cross-platform, iOS, Cross-platform)
- Available learning time (1-2 months for web developers, 2-3 months for beginners for Vue.js)
- Long-term career goals in mobile/web development
How does the performance of Vue.js compare to SwiftUI in real-world applications?
Let's analyze the real-world performance characteristics of Vue.js and SwiftUI based on benchmarks and practical experience:
Vue.js Performance Profile
Strengths
-
✓ Reactive system
Fine-grained reactivity system that updates only affected components.
-
✓ Virtual DOM efficiency
Optimized virtual DOM implementation with static tree hoisting.
-
✓ Template compilation
Templates are compiled into highly optimized render functions.
Areas for Optimization
-
! Complex reactivity overhead
Deep reactive objects can have performance implications.
-
! Mobile optimization
May require additional optimization for mobile web performance.
SwiftUI Performance Profile
Strengths
-
✓ Efficient diffing algorithm
Uses a sophisticated diffing algorithm to minimize view updates and maintain smooth performance.
-
✓ Native platform optimization
Direct integration with Apple's rendering engine provides excellent performance on iOS devices.
-
✓ Automatic memory management
Swift's ARC (Automatic Reference Counting) ensures efficient memory usage.
Areas for Optimization
-
! List performance issues
Complex lists with dynamic content can experience performance degradation.
-
! State propagation overhead
Deep view hierarchies with frequent state updates can impact performance.
Performance Optimization Tips
Vue.js
- Use v-show for frequently toggled content
- Implement proper key usage in v-for directives
- Leverage Vue's keep-alive component
- Profile with Vue DevTools and Chrome Performance
SwiftUI
- Use @StateObject for expensive objects that need to persist
- Implement lazy loading with LazyVStack and LazyHStack
- Leverage SwiftUI's built-in performance tools
- Profile with Instruments to identify bottlenecks
What are the key architectural differences between Vue.js and SwiftUI and Flutter?
Here are the key differences between Vue.js and SwiftUI and Flutter:
Feature | Vue.js | SwiftUI | Flutter |
---|---|---|---|
Paradigm | Progressive JavaScript framework with a template-based approach | Declarative UI framework with a protocol-oriented approach | Declarative UI toolkit with a widget-based approach |
Target Platform | Web primarily | Apple platforms (iOS, macOS, watchOS, tvOS) | Cross-platform (iOS, Android, web, desktop) |
Language | JavaScript/TypeScript | Swift | Dart |
Component Model | Single-file components with template, script, and style sections | View protocol conforming structs | Widget classes (stateless and stateful) |
State Management | Reactive data with Composition API or Options API | Property wrappers (@State, @Binding, @ObservedObject) | StatefulWidget with setState, or state management packages |
Ecosystem | Growing ecosystem with official libraries for routing and state | Tightly integrated with Apple's development ecosystem | Google-backed with a growing ecosystem of packages |
The choice between these frameworks often depends on your target platform, existing expertise, and specific project requirements. Vue.js and SwiftUI and Flutter each have their strengths in different contexts.
What are the job market trends for Vue.js vs SwiftUI vs Flutter in 2025?
If you're considering a career move in 2025, here's how these frameworks compare in terms of job prospects:
Vue.js
- Current Demand: Solid demand, particularly in certain markets like Asia
- Growth Trajectory: Steady growth with strong community support
- Notable Companies: Alibaba, GitLab, Grammarly, Nintendo
SwiftUI
- Current Demand: Increasing as iOS apps adopt the newer framework
- Growth Trajectory: Steady growth as Apple continues to enhance capabilities
- Notable Companies: Apple, Uber, Lyft, Airbnb
Flutter
- Current Demand: High demand for cross-platform development skills
- Growth Trajectory: One of the fastest-growing mobile frameworks
- Notable Companies: Google, Alibaba, BMW, eBay
Flutter offers the advantage of cross-platform skills, while native frameworks like SwiftUI may provide deeper platform integration. Many companies value developers who can work in both worlds.
Can Vue.js and SwiftUI and Flutter be used together in the same project?
Understanding how Vue.js and SwiftUI and Flutter can work together:
Vue.js + SwiftUI
There's no direct integration between Vue.js and SwiftUI as they target different platforms. You would typically build separate apps for web and iOS.
Vue.js + Flutter
Vue.js is for web while Flutter is for mobile/desktop apps. They can be used together as part of a larger product ecosystem but not within the same application.
SwiftUI + Flutter
SwiftUI can be integrated with Flutter through platform channels, allowing you to use native iOS functionality within a Flutter app.
Using multiple frameworks: While it's technically possible to use Vue.js, SwiftUI, Flutter in a single project ecosystem, this adds complexity. It's generally better to choose the right tool for each platform and maintain consistency within that platform.
Web + Mobile Strategy: A common approach is to use Vue.js for your web application, while using SwiftUI or Flutter for mobile apps. You can share business logic and API calls between them, but the UI layer would be implemented separately for each platform.
Is Flutter better than SwiftUI for app development?
The choice between Flutter and SwiftUI depends on your project requirements:
Aspect | Flutter | SwiftUI |
---|---|---|
Platform Support | iOS, Android, Web, Windows, macOS, Linux | iOS, macOS, watchOS, tvOS |
Native Integration | Good via platform channels, but not direct | Excellent native platform integration |
Performance | Very good with custom rendering engine | Excellent on target platform |
Development Speed | Fast with hot reload and single codebase | Fast for its target platform |
UI Consistency | Same UI across all platforms | Platform-specific UI with native feel |
Choose Flutter if:
- You need to support multiple platforms with one codebase
- UI consistency across platforms is more important than native platform feel
- You want to reduce development and maintenance costs
- Your team can focus on learning one technology stack (Dart)
Choose SwiftUI if:
- You're only targeting Apple platforms
- Deep platform integration is critical for your app
- You want the most native feel and performance
- Your team already has expertise in Swift
Many companies use both approaches: Flutter for cross-platform features and SwiftUI for platform-specific features that require deeper integration.
Why does Flutter use Dart instead of a more common language?
Flutter's choice of Dart as its programming language offers several technical advantages:
- Just-in-Time (JIT) compilation during development enables hot reload, allowing for quick iteration
- Ahead-of-Time (AOT) compilation for releases creates high-performance native code
- Non-blocking asynchronous programming through async/await and Future objects
- Sound null safety helps eliminate null reference errors
- Fast garbage collection optimized for UI construction patterns
- Object-oriented with mixins for reusable code
While languages like JavaScript or Kotlin might have larger communities, Dart was specifically optimized for Flutter's needs in building reactive UIs and achieving native performance. Google has invested heavily in making Dart an excellent language for UI development.
Despite being less common, Dart is easy to learn for developers familiar with Java, JavaScript, or C#, with most developers becoming productive within a few weeks.